410 Stainless Steel Pipes & Tubes
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410 stainless steel is a hardenable martensitic stainless steel alloy. Unlike austenitic grades it can be heat treated ("quench and temper") to generate high strength with good ductility. 410 alloy is required when strength, hardness and wear resistance is required with some corrosion resistance. Due to the hardening capabilities of this steel, other properties and the resulting performance of this material are somewhat compromised. The alloy can only effectively be used in mildly corrosive environments. The operating temperature range is limited a) a loss of strength by over tempering at elevated temperatures and b) a loss of ductility at sub-zero temperatures. |
| Type 410 is officially a stainless steel but characteristically the material is actually a compromise of high carbon steel alloy (which promotes wear resistance) with chromium stainless steel (which promotes corrosion resistance). This steel is ideal for use in the manufacture of highly stressed parts found in a variety of industries including petrochemical, automotive and power generation. |
Product Range
Specifications: ASTM A/ASME SA213/A249/A269/A312/A358 CL. I to V ASTM A789/A790
Sizes (Seamless): 1/2" NB - 24" NB
Sizes (ERW): 1/2" NB - 24" NB
Sizes (EFW): 6" NB - 36" NB
Wall Thickness available:
Schedule 5S - Schedule XXS (heavier on request)
Other Materials Testing:
NACE MR0175, H2 SERVICE, OXYGEN SERVICE, CRYO SERVICE, etc.
Dimensions:
All Pipes is manufactured and inspected/tested to the relevant standards including ASTM, ASME and API etc.
Background of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Grade 410 is the basic martensitic stainless steel; like most non-stainless steels it can be hardened by a "quench-and-temper" heat treatment. It contains a minimum of 11.5 per cent chromium, just sufficient to give corrosion resistance properties. It achieves maximum corrosion resistance when it has been hardened and tempered and then polished. Grade 410 is a general purpose grade often supplied in the hardened, but still machinable condition, for applications where high strength and moderate heat and corrosion resistance are required. Martensitic stainless steels are optimised for high hardness, and other properties are to some degree compromised. Fabrication must be by methods that allow for poor weldability and usually the need for a final heat treatment. Corrosion resistance of the martensitic grades is lower than that of the common austenitic grades, and their useful operating temperature range is limited by their loss of ductility at sub-zero temperatures and loss of strength by over-tempering at elevated temperatures. |
Composition of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Typical compositional ranges for grade 410 stainless steels are given in table 1.
Table 1. Composition ranges for 410 grade stainless steel
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
| 410 | min. max. |
- 0.15 |
- 1.00 |
- 1.00 |
- 0.040 |
- 0.030 |
11.5 13.5 |
- | 0.75 | - |
Mechanical Properties of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Typical mechanical properties for grade 410 stainless steels are given in table 2.
Table 2. Mechanical properties of 410 grade stainless steel
| Tempering Temperature (℃) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) | Elongation (% in 50mm) | Hardness Brinell (HB) | Impact Charpy V (J) |
| Annealed * | 480 min | 275 min | 16 min | - | - |
| 204 | 1310 | 1000 | 16 | 388 | 30 |
| 316 | 1240 | 960 | 14 | 325 | 36 |
| 427 | 1405 | 950 | 16 | 401 | # |
| 538 | 985 | 730 | 16 | 321 | # |
| 593 | 870 | 675 | 20 | 255 | 39 |
| 650 | 755 | 575 | 23 | 225 | 80 |
| * Annealed properties are specified for Condition A of ASTM A276, for cold finished bar. # Due to associated low impact resistance this steel should not be tempered in the range 425-600℃ |
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Physical Properties of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Typical physical properties for annealed grade 410 stainless steels are given in table 3.
Table 3. Physical properties of 410 grade stainless steel in the annealed condition
| Grade | Density (kg/m3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (m/m/℃) |
Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) |
Specific Heat 0-100℃ (J/kg.K) |
Electrical Resistivity (n.m) | |||
| 0-100℃ | 0-315℃ | 0-538℃ | at 100℃ | at 500℃ | |||||
| 410 | 7750 | 200 | 9.9 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 24.9 | 28.7 | 460 | 570 |
Grade Specification Comparison of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Approximate grade comparisons for 410 stainless steels are given in table 4.
Table 4. Grade specifications for 410 grade stainless steel
| Grade | UNS No | Old British | Euronorm | Swedish SS | Japanese JIS | ||
| BS | En | No | Name | ||||
| 410 | S41000 | 410S21 | 56A | 1.4006 | X12Cr13 | 2302 | SUS 410 |
| These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted. | |||||||
Corrosion Resistance of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
| 410 resists dry atmosphere, fresh water, mild alkalies and acids, food, steam and hot gases. Must be hardened for maximum heat and corrosion resistance. Performance is best with a smooth surface finish. Less corrosion resistant than the austenitic grades and also less than 17% chromium ferritic alloys such as Grade 430. |
Heat Treatment of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
| Annealing Full anneal - 815-900℃, slow furnace cool to 600℃ and then air cool. Process Anneal - 650-760℃ and air cool. |
Applications of 410 Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes
Typical applications include:
Pump and valve parts and shafts
Steam and gas turbine parts
Petroleum fractionating towers
Minen ladder rungs